An abolitionist poster from Massachusetts which condemns the Fugitive Slave Law and the Massachusetts politicians who voted for it, 1850

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850: Annotated

The Fugitive Slave Act erased the most basic of constitutional rights for enslaved people and incentivized US Commissioners to support kidnappers.
An illustration of a cowboy with a serious expression

American Individualism and American Power

The American habitus was forged partly by the conquest of Native land and partly by the experiences of superiority and entitlement among white enslavers.
View of Baltimore, Maryland, ca. 1873

Justice in Baltimore

In an atypical case, a white policeman was convicted of killing a Black man at a private house party.
Portrait of Ronald Reagan holding his mother Nelle's hand

Ronald Reagan’s Guiding Light

Having inherited his mother’s beliefs, Reagan was ever faithful to the Disciples of Christ, whose tenets were often at odds with those of the GOP.
Enemy aliens on way to detention camp, Gloucester, NJ, 1918

The Alien Enemies Act: Annotated

Confused about the oft-mentioned Alien Enemies Act? This explainer, with links to free peer-reviewed scholarship, may help clear things up.
Members of the Texas Southern University marching band perform following the HBCU Swingman Classic at Globe Life Field on July 12, 2024 in Arlington, Texas.

The Storied History of HBCU Marching Bands

Marching bands at historically Black colleges and universities can be seen as both celebratory emblems and complicated arbiters of Black American culture.
California gold miners, ca. 1850-1852

A Gold Rush of Witnesses

Letters, diaries, and remembrances shared on JSTOR by University of the Pacific reveal the hardships of day-to-day life during the California Gold Rush.
Attendees of the joint meeting of the ASWPL and African American members of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation at Tuskegee Institute, 1938

How White Women Organized Against Lynching

In the 1930s, a coalition southern white women fought against lynching, disproving the idea that extrajudicial killings were intended to protect them.
Illustration of protestors at a Protest March

When Does Political Resistance Work?

The effectiveness of popular movements for social change depends on both underlying political conditions and the strategies adopted by activists.
Woman in Leopard Outfit With Woman in Blue Outfit

Lesbians and the Lavender Scare

Lesbian relationships among government workers were seen as a threat to national security in the 1950s. But what constituted a lesbian relationship was an open question.